The Ruy Lopez: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3... 5.c3 arises after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 d6 5.c3 and falls under ECO code C74. This is one of the principal weapons against the Deferred Steinitz Defence. White lays the groundwork for an ideal pawn center by preparing d4, aiming to establish pawns on both d4 and e4. Black has several viable approaches to counter this plan. With 639,109 Lichess games across all rating levels, it is a specialized opening choice.
History and Notable Players
It arises from the Ruy Lopez: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3... d6. Among the most prolific practitioners on the White side are Herman Pilnik (18 games), Mikhail Tal (13 games), Semen I Dvoirys (12 games). On the Black side, notable exponents include Valeri Yandemirov (44 games), Bogdan Sliwa (35 games), Victor Ciocaltea (26 games).
Statistics
Based on 639,109 Lichess games across all rating levels:
- White wins: 53.9%
- Black wins: 41.8%
- Draws: 4.3%
White has a significant statistical advantage in this line, reflecting the initiative that comes with the first move.
Main Lines and Variations
After 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 d6 5.c3, the main continuations include:
Each of these lines leads to distinct types of positions and requires its own understanding of the resulting pawn structures and piece placements.
Practice on Chessiverse
The best way to learn the Ruy Lopez: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3... 5.c3 is through practice. On Chessiverse, you can play chess against computer opponents from any opening or custom position. Our AI bots range from beginner to grandmaster level, each with unique playing styles — from aggressive attackers to solid defenders. Choose a bot that matches your rating and work your way up as you master the opening's key ideas.
