The Ruy Lopez: Schliemann Defense arises after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 and falls under ECO code C60. The bishop move to b5 characterizes the Ruy Lopez (or Spanish Game), creating an indirect threat against the e5 pawn by targeting its defender on c6. Although the pawn cannot be won immediately thanks to a well-known tactical resource, White's aim is rapid development — castling is already possible — and central control, with plans to eventually build a pawn majority via c3 and d4. Black most commonly responds by developing the knight to f6, either at once (3...Nf6) or after first challenging the bishop with 3...a6, typically followed by 4...Nf6. That said, Black has numerous third- and fourth-move alternatives available. The Morphy Defence, 3...a6, compels White to choose between capturing the knight and retreating the bishop. The Exchange Variation (4. Bxc6) is the oldest option, though it does not actually win the e5 pawn since 4...dxc6 5. Nxe5? is refuted by 5...Qd4!, recovering the material. More popular is 4. Ba4, maintaining the bishop pair and sustained pressure on Black's knight. With 119.1 million Lichess games across all rating levels, it is one of the most popular openings.
History and Notable Players
It arises from the Open Games (1...e5). Among the most prolific practitioners on the White side are Viswanathan Anand (437 games), Alexei Shirov (303 games), Vlastimil Jansa (302 games). On the Black side, notable exponents include Levon Aronian (356 games), Ivan Sokolov (340 games), Svetozar Gligoric (330 games).
Statistics
Based on 2.2 million Lichess games across all rating levels:
- White wins: 45.4%
- Black wins: 50%
- Draws: 4.5%
Interestingly, Black scores well in this opening, suggesting it offers strong counterplay.
Practice on Chessiverse
The best way to learn the Ruy Lopez: Schliemann Defense is through practice. On Chessiverse, you can play chess against computer opponents that specialize in this opening. Our AI bots range from beginner to grandmaster level, each with unique playing styles — from aggressive attackers to solid defenders. Choose a bot that matches your rating and work your way up as you master the opening's key ideas.
