Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense

-24%
D221.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 a6 4.e3
Apr 30, 2028
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TL;DR

Alekhine's idea in the QGA: 3...a6 prepares ...b5 to genuinely defend the c4-pawn rather than return it. White answers calmly with 4.e3, keeping development flexible and refusing to commit before Black shows the queenside plan.

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IM John Bartholomew
IM John BartholomewCo-Founder & Chess Educator

International Master and chess educator. Co-founded Chessable and joined Chessiverse as co-founder. Best known for his "Climbing the Rating Ladder" YouTube series and structured opening courses.

Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense: A Complete Guide
Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense - Opening Moves
Summary

1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 a6 4.e3 opens the Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense, ECO D22. Lichess records 57,136 games in this line, which gives us a reliable view of how it actually performs in practice.

History and Notable Players

It arises from the Queen's Gambit Accepted: Normal Variation. On the White side, Peter Lukacs (10 games), Igor A Novikov (9 games), Jan Hein Donner (8 games) top the database. Notable Black exponents: Alexander Baburin (35 games), Zoltan Varga (31 games), Yuri Yakovich (27 games).

Performance Across Rating Levels

The picture changes a lot as you climb the rating ladder. At 1200 Elo, the opening shows up in 0.00% of games (3,776 samples). White scores 53.6%, Black 42.7%, draws 3.7%. At 1800 the opening surfaces in 0.00% of games; White wins 56.1%, Black 38.4%, draws 5.5%. At 2500, 0.02% of games go into this opening; draws sit at 12.4% — the line is well-mapped at this level. White's edge erodes by 7.1pp from 1200 to 2500 Elo, suggesting Black's counterplay is easier to find with experience.

Move Diversity and Theory Depth

Move choice is far from uniform in the Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense. At 1200 Elo, the top reply is b5, played 72.7% of the time. There are 1 other moves seeing meaningful share, and 82.2% of games stick to established theory. Entropy: 1.70. By 2500, Bg4 dominates at 38.6% of replies; only 4 viable alternatives remain and 86% of moves are theory. Entropy drops to 1.97. Even elite players don't fully agree on the best continuation here, which keeps the position dynamic.

Common Mistakes

  • Drifting away from main theory — At 400 Elo, theory adherence sits at 68.5% — versus 84.4% at 2000. The most popular deviation is h6 (played 8.1% of the time at 400, much less so up top). It looks fine but quietly hands the better-prepared side an edge.
  • Neglecting development — Extra pawn moves in the opening are tempting, especially when you "know the moves". Developing a piece each turn is the simple correction.
  • Overextending the attack — Gambits look like permission to throw everything forward. They aren't — every attacking move should improve a piece. Random checks and threats burn the initiative once they fail to coordinate.

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Quick Facts

Main Line1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 a6 4.e3
FENrnbqkbnr/1pp1pppp/p7/8/2pP4/4PN2/PP3PPP/RNBQKB1R b KQkq - 0 4
DifficultyAdvanced
Style

Theoretician openings have deep, well-studied lines where knowledge of specific variations gives a significant advantage. Preparation and memorization of key lines are essential.

57,136games on Lichess
52.2%
6.6%
41.1%
White wins Draws Black wins

Top Players

As White
As Black

Data from Lichess opening explorer (blitz & rapid)

Most Popular At2500
SharpnessSharp

Popularity by Rating

Percentage of all games at each rating bracket that feature this opening.

Data from Lichess opening explorer (blitz & rapid games)

Theory Adherence by Rating

How often players choose the single most popular move at this position. Higher = more predictable play.

Black to move after the opening line

Popularity Over Time

Share of all Lichess blitz + rapid games featuring this opening, by year.

Top Moves by Rating

Black to move after the opening line

RatingMost Popular2nd3rd
4004...b553%4...h68.1%4...Nf67.4%
10004...b567.3%4...Bg47%4...h65.2%
12004...b572.7%4...e64.8%4...Bg44.6%
14004...b574.9%4...e65.7%4...Bg44.5%
16004...b573.3%4...e67.9%4...Bg44.8%
18004...b572.2%4...e68.3%4...Nf68.1%
20004...b557.8%4...Nf615.9%4...e610.7%
22004...b538.8%4...Bg424.5%4...Nf621.6%
25004...Bg438.6%4...b528.1%4...Nf619.2%

Popularity by Time Control

Bullet
<0.01%25K
Blitz
<0.01%47K
Rapid
<0.01%10K
2% more decisive in bullet
Raw data tables (Lichess blitz + rapid)
Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense: popularity and win rates by player rating
Rating (Elo)Share %GamesWhite win %Black win %Draw %Sharpness
4000.0015753.540.16.40.936
10000.001,05950.846.13.10.969
12000.003,77653.642.73.70.963
14000.008,27553.342.44.30.957
16000.009,92955.340.24.40.956
18000.008,83556.138.45.50.945
20000.009,00252.240.77.10.929
22000.0113,26747.542.410.10.899
25000.022,83646.541.012.40.876
Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense: move-choice theory adherence by rating
Rating (Elo)Top moveTop move %Viable movesTheory %Entropy
4004...b553.0568.52.534
10004...b567.3379.51.896
12004...b572.7182.21.695
14004...b574.9285.21.572
16004...b573.3286.01.608
18004...b572.2488.51.580
20004...b557.8484.41.904
22004...b538.8484.82.112
25004...Bg438.6486.01.971
Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense: popularity over time
YearShare %GamesWhite win %Black win %Draw %
20130.004870.827.12.1
20140.0016550.943.65.5
20150.0039255.938.85.4
20160.001,21653.140.86.1
20170.001,98154.739.45.9
20180.002,94152.941.85.3
20190.003,98952.742.15.2
20200.006,83751.541.47.1
20210.007,85151.641.37.1
20220.008,28852.241.56.3
20230.008,47153.140.66.3
20240.008,88851.741.27.1
20250.009,72751.541.17.3
Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense: popularity by time control
FormatShare %GamesWhite win %Black win %Draw %Sharpness
bullet0.0025,31451.644.34.10.959
blitz0.0046,86751.741.66.70.933
rapid0.0010,11654.639.06.40.936
Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense: top candidate moves by rating bracket
Rating (Elo)1st move1st %2nd move2nd %3rd move3rd %
4004...b553.04...h68.14...Nf67.4
10004...b567.34...Bg47.04...h65.2
12004...b572.74...e64.84...Bg44.6
14004...b574.94...e65.74...Bg44.5
16004...b573.34...e67.94...Bg44.8
18004...b572.24...e68.34...Nf68.1
20004...b557.84...Nf615.94...e610.7
22004...b538.84...Bg424.54...Nf621.6
25004...Bg438.64...b528.14...Nf619.2
Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense: top practitioners by side
SidePlayerGames
WhitePeter Lukacs10
WhiteIgor A Novikov9
WhiteJan Hein Donner8
BlackAlexander Baburin35
BlackZoltan Varga31
BlackYuri Yakovich27
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Frequently Asked Questions

Queen's Gambit Accepted: Alekhine Defense

What is this opening?

This opening begins with 1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 a6 4.e3 and is classified under ECO code D22.

Is this opening good for beginners?

This opening can be played at any level. Beginners should focus on understanding the key strategic ideas rather than memorizing long theoretical lines. Our AI bots at various rating levels provide a great way to practice the opening concepts.

What are the win rates for this opening?

In a database of 57,136 games, White wins 52.2% of the time, Black wins 41.1%, and 6.6% are drawn. Notable players on the White side include Peter Lukacs and Igor A Novikov. On the Black side, Alexander Baburin and Zoltan Varga are among the most frequent practitioners.

How can I practice this opening?

On Chessiverse, you can practice this opening by playing against our 600+ AI bots. Each bot has a unique playing style and opening repertoire, so you can find the perfect sparring partner for any level.

Sources

Brought to you by

IM John Bartholomew
IM John BartholomewCo-Founder & Chess Educator

International Master and chess educator. Co-founded Chessable and joined Chessiverse as co-founder. Best known for his "Climbing the Rating Ladder" YouTube series and structured opening courses.

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