King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack

+200%
E781.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f4 0-0 6.Be2 c5 7.Nf3
Sep 24, 2028
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TL;DR

The principled Four Pawns mainline: Black hits the centre with ...c5 and White develops the king's knight rather than push d5. The resulting Benoni-flavoured positions require precise calculation from both sides.

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IM John Bartholomew
IM John BartholomewCo-Founder & Chess Educator

International Master and chess educator. Co-founded Chessable and joined Chessiverse as co-founder. Best known for his "Climbing the Rating Ladder" YouTube series and structured opening courses.

King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack: A Complete Guide
King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack - Opening Moves
Summary

The King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack begins with 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f4 0-0 6.Be2 c5 7.Nf3 (ECO E78). With 18,445 games on record, the patterns below come from the largest practical sample available.

History and Notable Players

It arises from the King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack. Among the most prolific White practitioners are William E Martz (20 games), Wolfgang Uhlmann (17 games), Mario Bertok (13 games). Black-side regulars include Svetozar Gligoric (8 games), Heikki MJ Westerinen (5 games), Werner Golz (4 games).

Move Diversity and Theory Depth

Move choice is far from uniform in the King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack. At 1200 Elo, the top reply is cxd4, played 63.3% of the time. There are 5 other moves seeing meaningful share, and 81% of games stick to established theory. Entropy: 1.98. By 2500, cxd4 dominates at 87.4% of replies; only 2 viable alternatives remain and 98.1% of moves are theory. Entropy drops to 0.70. That entropy collapse is the signature of a line where preparation pays off: at the top, players know the best move and play it.

Main Lines and Variations

The main branches off 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f4 0-0 6.Be2 c5 7.Nf3 include:

Each branch leads to a different middlegame character — the resulting pawn structure decides what kind of game you get.

Common Mistakes

  • Neglecting development — It can feel productive to make extra pawn moves early, but falling behind in piece development is what loses most amateur games — especially in open positions where active pieces find squares fast.
  • Letting White own the centre — Hypermodern openings concede central space on purpose, but only if you strike back in time. Delay the counter-blow and you end up squeezed.

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Quick Facts

Main Line1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f4 0-0 6.Be2 c5 7.Nf3
FENrnbq1rk1/pp2ppbp/3p1np1/2p5/2PPPP2/2N2N2/PP2B1PP/R1BQK2R b KQ - 1 7
DifficultyAdvanced
Style

Hypermodern openings let the opponent occupy the center with pawns, then attack it from the flanks with pieces and fianchettoed bishops. Control is exerted from a distance rather than by direct occupation.

18,445games on Lichess
50.6%
6%
43.4%
White wins Draws Black wins

Top Players

As White

Data from Lichess opening explorer (blitz & rapid)

Most Popular At2200
SharpnessVery Sharp

Popularity by Rating

Percentage of all games at each rating bracket that feature this opening.

Data from Lichess opening explorer (blitz & rapid games)

Theory Adherence by Rating

How often players choose the single most popular move at this position. Higher = more predictable play.

Black to move after the opening line

Popularity Over Time

Share of all Lichess blitz + rapid games featuring this opening, by year.

Top Moves by Rating

Black to move after the opening line

RatingMost Popular2nd3rd
4007...cxd475%7...Nc625%
10007...cxd455.6%7...Nc611.1%7...Nbd75.6%
12007...cxd463.3%7...Nc610.1%7...Bg47.6%
14007...cxd465.2%7...Nc615%7...Bg45.7%
16007...cxd468.1%7...Nc612.2%7...Bg45.5%
18007...cxd473.2%7...Nc69.3%7...Bg46.4%
20007...cxd476.5%7...Nc68%7...Bg47.9%
22007...cxd480.4%7...Bg48.3%7...Nc65.9%
25007...cxd487.4%7...Bg49.3%7...e61.4%

Popularity by Time Control

Bullet
<0.01%13K
Blitz
<0.01%17K
Rapid
<0.01%2K
2% more decisive in bullet
Raw data tables (Lichess blitz + rapid)
King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack: popularity and win rates by player rating
Rating (Elo)Share %GamesWhite win %Black win %Draw %Sharpness
4000.00425.050.025.00.750
10000.001822.261.116.70.833
12000.007950.645.63.80.962
14000.0042350.145.64.30.957
16000.001,54846.050.33.70.963
18000.004,84749.446.04.60.954
20000.006,68451.142.86.10.939
22000.004,62852.939.37.80.922
25000.0021447.238.814.00.860
King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack: move-choice theory adherence by rating
Rating (Elo)Top moveTop move %Viable movesTheory %Entropy
4007...cxd475.02100.00.811
10007...cxd455.6872.22.213
12007...cxd463.3581.01.983
14007...cxd465.2386.01.836
16007...cxd468.1385.91.787
18007...cxd473.2388.91.563
20007...cxd476.5392.41.369
22007...cxd480.4394.61.158
25007...cxd487.4298.10.698
King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack: popularity over time
YearShare %GamesWhite win %Black win %Draw %
20130.00333.366.70.0
20140.002532.064.04.0
20150.0012043.351.75.0
20160.0039846.748.25.0
20170.0093249.444.36.3
20180.001,15647.147.94.9
20190.001,41349.745.15.2
20200.003,00249.643.96.5
20210.003,44049.744.36.0
20220.002,70251.242.36.5
20230.002,39554.139.56.3
20240.002,23051.642.36.1
20250.001,99451.143.35.6
King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack: popularity by time control
FormatShare %GamesWhite win %Black win %Draw %Sharpness
bullet0.0012,97452.443.83.80.962
blitz0.0016,62150.943.16.00.940
rapid0.001,79646.947.26.00.940
King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack: top candidate moves by rating bracket
Rating (Elo)1st move1st %2nd move2nd %3rd move3rd %
4007...cxd475.07...Nc625.0
10007...cxd455.67...Nc611.17...Nbd75.6
12007...cxd463.37...Nc610.17...Bg47.6
14007...cxd465.27...Nc615.07...Bg45.7
16007...cxd468.17...Nc612.27...Bg45.5
18007...cxd473.27...Nc69.37...Bg46.4
20007...cxd476.57...Nc68.07...Bg47.9
22007...cxd480.47...Bg48.37...Nc65.9
25007...cxd487.47...Bg49.37...e61.4
King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack: top practitioners by side
SidePlayerGames
WhiteWilliam E Martz20
WhiteWolfgang Uhlmann17
WhiteMario Bertok13
BlackSvetozar Gligoric8
BlackHeikki MJ Westerinen5
BlackWerner Golz4
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Guided Play

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Frequently Asked Questions

King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Fluid Attack

What is this opening?

This opening begins with 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.f4 0-0 6.Be2 c5 7.Nf3 and is classified under ECO code E78.

Is this opening good for beginners?

This opening can be played at any level. Beginners should focus on understanding the key strategic ideas rather than memorizing long theoretical lines. Our AI bots at various rating levels provide a great way to practice the opening concepts.

What are the main variations of this opening?

The main continuations include: King's Indian Defense: Four Pawns Attack, Exchange Variation. Each variation leads to distinct types of positions with their own strategic themes.

What are the win rates for this opening?

In a database of 18,445 games, White wins 50.6% of the time, Black wins 43.4%, and 6% are drawn. Notable players on the White side include William E Martz and Wolfgang Uhlmann. On the Black side, Svetozar Gligoric and Heikki MJ Westerinen are among the most frequent practitioners.

Sources

Brought to you by

IM John Bartholomew
IM John BartholomewCo-Founder & Chess Educator

International Master and chess educator. Co-founded Chessable and joined Chessiverse as co-founder. Best known for his "Climbing the Rating Ladder" YouTube series and structured opening courses.

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