The Queen's Gambit Declined: 1.d4 d5 2.c4... 9.cxd5 begins with 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e3 0-0 6.Nf3 Nbd7 7.Rc1 c6 8.Qc2 a6 9.cxd5 (ECO D65). Across rating levels it shows up in 1,841 recorded games — enough data to map exactly where it succeeds and where it stalls.
History and Notable Players
It arises from the Queen's Gambit Declined: 1.d4 d5 2.c4... 8.Qc2. On the White side, Roberto Grau (2 games), Vladislav Nevednichy (2 games), Alexander Alekhine (2 games) top the database. Notable Black exponents: Frederick Yates (3 games), Romeo Sorin Milu (2 games), Vsevolod Rauzer (2 games).
Move Diversity and Theory Depth
What players actually play after the opening moves depends heavily on rating. At 1200 Elo, the top reply is cxd5, played 57.1% of the time. There are 3 other moves seeing meaningful share, and 100% of games stick to established theory. Entropy: 1.38. By 2500, exd5 dominates at 87.1% of replies; only 3 viable alternatives remain and 100% of moves are theory. Entropy drops to 0.68. The narrowing is significant — strong players consolidate around a small set of best moves, while amateurs scatter across many plausible-looking options.
Common Mistakes
- Playing outside main lines — At 400 Elo, only 0% of moves follow established theory — at 2000 that climbs to 99.9%. Most of the gap is players who pick a reasonable-looking move over the best one, and the position quietly drifts.
- Neglecting development — Extra pawn moves in the opening are tempting, especially when you "know the moves". Developing a piece each turn is the simple correction.
- Overextending the attack — Gambits look like permission to throw everything forward. They aren't — every attacking move should improve a piece. Random checks and threats burn the initiative once they fail to coordinate.
Practice on Chessiverse
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